443 South First
The Leota School for Girls
By Ruth Ann Montgomery
1999
A remarkable historic building outside Evansville's Historic District is the home of built for Vivas C.
and Phila Holmes at 443 South First Street, known to many in Evansville as the Leota School for Girls or
the Bone School.
Vivas C. Holmes and his partners, T. C. Richardson and John Porter, owned the Evansville Mercantile
Association, more commonly called The Grange Store. In the 1890s, they were considered to be some of the
richest men in Evansville and the big three in the City's commercial district. Like his three partners,
Holmes paid more than $100 in taxes to the city in the early 1890s and was considered on of Evansville's
"solid men".
The land chosen by Vivas and Phila Holmes' as a building site for their home had been in the hands of
Peter F. Spencer, one of the five Spencer brothers that settled in Evansville in the 1840s. It was in a
section of Evansville that was platted as Hunt and Spencer's addition.
The subdivision included more than 50 lots between first and second streets, south of the school property
and the west side of second street from Lincoln Street, south to the city limits.
Lot 17 of Hunt and Spencer's addition was the largest, including nearly 7 acres of land. Spencer had sold
13 rods off the north part of the lot but the rest of the lot was vacant. Shortly before his death,
Spencer gave the property to his daughter Rusha V. Spencer in 1899 and she sold it to Phila A. Holmes in
1904 for $14,000, a large sum to pay for vacant land. However, because of the size of the lot, it had
great potential for more building sites.
It was fairly common for businessmen to put their residential property in the name of the wives'. In case
of business failure or setback, the property would not be lost to the family. When the Holmes' purchased
the property, they decided to keep the large lot in one piece, rather than sectioning it off into smaller
lots. The land would accommodate a very large house with a spacious lawn, more than adequate for a family
the size of the Holmes'.
The Holmes' did not start to build on South First Street for a few years. In November 1909, Vivas hired
men to begin the foundation work for the new residence. The winter weather halted further progress on the
building but in May 1910, Robert Hankinson, the contractor, had his crew on the grounds to begin
construction.
Robert Hankinson built houses in Evansville at the turn of the century and was responsible for many of
the fine homes on Garfield Avenue and the John Robinson house on County Highway C, west of the City.
A six-inch water main was extended to South First Street, just opposite the new residence. Holmes was
determined to have every modern convenience in his new home. It was considered to be one of the finest
houses ever erected in the city.
The frame, ten-room house stood on high ground that gave its occupants a fine view of the countryside to
the south and a view of the City to the north especially from the third-story ballroom windows. The
interior was commodious and handsome. There were fireplaces in many of the rooms. Leaded glass in doors
and windows ornamented the exterior walls of the home. Built-in china cupboards with leaded glass as well
as built-in shelves and drawers gave ample room for storage in the large home.
The Holmes' moved into the house in December 1910. "It is said to be one of the most substantial and
elegant homes ever built in this locality," proclaimed the notice in the Evansville Review.
It was a fine monument to the successful life of V. C. Holmes. He was a native of Wisconsin. His parents
were pioneers of Albany township and the first couple married there.
Vivas was born on a farm near Albany and after attending a rural school, he entered the Evansville
Seminary. For a few years he taught in a school near the home farm. Then he became manager of the butter
and egg department in the Grange store. Soon he was manager of the store's hardware department and became
one of the major stockholders when the organization incorporated in the 1890s as the Evansville
Mercantile Association.
In 1881, he married Phila Ann Chase, also from the Albany area. Before her marriage, Phila had also
taught school at the old stone schoolhouse in the Moore district, south and west of Evansville.
The Holmes had four children. One daughter, Neva, died just before her seventh birthday in September
1889. Their oldest daughter was married by the time they moved into the house. Their son, Albert, "Bert",
was in college and their youngest child, Martha, remained at home with her parents.
It was one of the last large Victorian houses built in Evansville. The bungalow style home was becoming
very popular and the older styles, such as the Holmes' built, were considered to be "warehouses". The
large houses were designed for entertaining and Vivas and Phila and their youngest daughter, Martha,
invited their friends to enjoy their comfortable home.
Vivas retired from active business life a year after they built the house and the Holmes' were away from
the house several times a year. The winters were spent in California and many weeks during the summer at
a cabin on Long Lake, seventy-five miles north of Chippiwa Falls. Their children joined them on their
travels whenever possible. Eventually the large house and surrounding grounds became a burden and the
Holmes' moved to a smaller house on West Church Street.
In October 1934, the Holmes' sold the house to S. E. Miller for $5,000. That December, Miller leased the
house to William and Jenny Bone for a boarding school, known as the Leota School for Girls.
The Bones were married in 1915 and four years later came to Evansville to teach at the Evansville
Seminary, operated by the Free Methodist Church. When it became a private boys school, known as the Wyler
School, William and Jenny were again hired as teachers. Jenny taught the younger children. William was in
charge of the manual training department and the Boy Scout troop at the boys' school.
They soon made plans to open a boarding school for girls. At first, the young couple operated a school in
their home at 123 South Third Street. The school started with a few girls, taught by Betty Snow.
The second year, Julia Broughton taught twelve students. The following year, Mrs. Bone had an enrollment
of 14 girls between the ages of 5 and 15. Many of the girls were sisters of boys who attended the Wyler
School. With the larger enrollment the house on Third Street became very crowded.
As the number of students kept increasing, the Bones began looking for a new location and decided to
lease the Holmes' house from S. E. Miller. It was an ideal location for a boarding school. Its three
floors allowed ample living quarters and the seven acres of land surrounding the house provided a large
playground.
The house was divided into three large dormitory rooms with bunk beds. It could accommodate a large
number of girls. During the school year as many as fifty girls enrolled.
The girls came from many parts of the United States and lifelong friendships were formed in the small
private school that became their home for several months of the year. William and Jenny tried to assign
rooms to girls with similar temperaments, so that they would become good companions.
They strived to maintain good physical and mental health for the girls by providing many physical
activities, as well as a home-like atmosphere. The girls gathered in the living room after class
activities were finished and listened to the radio, played the piano and sang together.
"Parents could desire no more healthful spot for their daughters," according to their advertising
brochure. William and Jennie chose as a motto for the school, "To grow more lovely in voice, manner, mind
and heart." The advertisements also stressed the friendship, Christian leadership, recreation and
academic training.
The regular school year opened around labor day. The age of the girls ranged from five to eighteen years
old. The younger girls attended classes at the private school and the older girls attended the city high
school.
William Bone loved Palomino horses and as part of the school's recreation program developed a special
riding program for the girls. Bone rented land at the fair grounds to pasture his horses and used the
quarter-mile track there. After weeks of training, the girls performed in the school's horse show for
beginning and advanced riders.
Those who won the top prizes were allowed to compete in an open horse show organized by Bone that
included riders from throughout the state of Wisconsin. Often there were more than 150 horses in the
competition. The shows were held on the Evansville Fair Grounds, just west of the school. The tack room
at the school held the ribbons, medals and trophies won by the girls.
The school held its own eighth grade graduation ceremonies. After a program, which included speeches,
dancing, and music, the girls were presented with a diploma. The 1936 program included piano and solos by
Beatrice Roden, Arlene Gold, and Joyce Bone, daughter of William and Jenny. Tap, acrobatic and ballet
dancing followed the singing. After the musical entertainment, the graduates presented papers. Then Mrs.
Bone gave out the diplomas.
A summer camp provided many athletic activities for the girls. Archery, badminton, long hikes around
Evansville, bicycle rides and swimming in Lake Leota were offered. Bone also built a tennis court and
another novel feature, a trolley ride, which was very popular with the girls.
William and Jenny bought a school bus to transport the girls to popular Wisconsin scenic spots, including
Wisconsin Dells, Tower Hill, Devils Lake and Cave of the Mounds. The size of the staff increased in the
summer to supervise the girls in their camp activities.
Sunday was visiting day. However, parents and friends were expected to wait three weeks after the girls
enrolled before they could visit. The staff thought this would give the campers time to adjust to life at
the Leota School for Girls.
In 1940 the capacity of the residence had been reached and the school had to comply with a Wisconsin law
which prohibited classroom instruction in a dormitory building. Jennie moved the classes to the Free
Methodist church until they could find other classroom space.
The Bones resolved the legal problem when they purchased the building that had once been the Rutland
Center rural schoolhouse. The school had been located in Dane County, seven miles north of Evansville. A.
L. Bund of Brooklyn had bought the school and moved it to Brooklyn.
Bund sold the building to the Bones and the building was again moved, this time to a vacant lot south of
the large house at 443 South First. In order to make the one-room school conform to state regulations,
the building needed to be remodeled.
The roof of the schoolhouse was raised two feet, and it was painted. The new school could seat 25
students. A separate furnace was installed and a basement was dug beneath the building. The 18 by 26 feet
basement under the schoolhouse served as a recreation room. A window on the south side of the house was
transformed into a door that connected the home with the smaller school house addition.
All of the Bone children, Norman, Alvin and Joyce, were raised in the family home at the school and as
adults, they spent part of their working career helping to operate the Leota School for Girls.
In 1940 the Bones' decided to open the summer camp to boys. Their son, Alvin, who had been attending La
Crosse State Teachers College was put in charge of the boys' camping division. The boys were lodged in a
separate house on South First Street that had been owned by Lou Smith. The camp was called "The Badger
State Camp for Boys".
However, within a short time, both Alvin and his brother, Norman, were serving in the armed forces during
World War II. Alvin was in the Pacific Theater and Norman on the front lines in Italy. Following Joyce's
graduation from Greenville College in Illinois, she became the head counselor in the summer session of
the school.
In September 1949, William Bone died. Jenny, with the help of her family, decided to continue to operate
the school. In the 1950s, her son Norman and his wife assisted her. As many as eight other assistants
were hired to manage the school during the summer session and through the school year. Myrtie Lawry and
Florence Walsh were frequently mentioned as teachers in the news items of the 1940s and '50s.
Jenny operated the Leota School for Girls until 1959, when the school was closed. The home was sold in
March 1960 to Evan D. Gregory and Matthew Meredith for $17,000 on a land contract.
After three years, the men asked to be released from the contract and Jennie Bone once again sold the
home to Adair and Gloria Smalley. Adair worked for the Baker Manufacturing Company in Evansville.
According to one of the Smalley children, it was a wonderful family home that was filled with love,
acceptance and childhood memories that lasted a lifetime.
Smalleys were the first to sell off portions of the large property. In 1976, they sold land to Dr. Henry
Youngman. He built a dentist office just south of the large house.
When the Smalleys moved to Texas, they sold the house and remaining land to Kenneth and Mary Neuenswander
in August 1976. The Neuenswanders also sold off a piece of the property to the Evansville Housing
Authority in 1978 and the South Meadows Apartments were built on the land that had once been the
playground for the Leota School for Girls.
The Neuenswanders began to transform the old girls' school. The ten-room house the Holmes built had been
divided into seventeen rooms. The house needed major work including roofing, plumbing, heating and
electrical renovation. As work progressed on the house for the next twelve years, the Neuenswanders asked
local people who remembered the house to give them information so they could accurately restore it.
In 1990, the Neuenschwanders sold the house to Michael and Susan Lampa for more than $71,000 and they had
hopes of turning the home into a bed and breakfast. However, it was not until Philip and Kathryn Liautaud
purchased the home in June 1991 that the home fell into the hands of people, with patience and endurance
enough to see this happen.
Room by room the Liautauds are carefully restoring the large Queen Anne-style home that the Holmes' began
building nearly 90 years ago. There are now two rooms open in the bed and breakfast operated by the
Liautauds.
Many of the former Leota
School girls have fond
memories of living in
Evansville. Some made their
permanent home in Evansville
and a few return as adults to
see the old school. Some
have made reservations to
spend the night in the house to
see its transformation from a
private school to its original
use as a family home.